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The nineteenth and early twentieth century saw the emergence of a controversial school of Russian thinkers, led by the philosopher Nikolai Fedorov and united in the conviction that humanity was entering a new stage of evolution in which it must assume a new, active, managerial role in the cosmos. In the first account in English of this fascinating tradition, George M. Young offers a dynamic and wide-ranging examination of the lives and ideas of the Russian Cosmists.
Suppressed during the Soviet period and little noticed in the West, the ideas of the Cosmists have in recent decades been rediscovered and embraced by many Russian intellectuals and are now recognized as essential to a native Russian cultural and intellectual tradition. Although they were scientists, theologians, and philosophers, the Cosmists addressed topics traditionally confined to occult and esoteric literature. Major themes include the indefinite extension of the human life span to establish universal immortality; the restoration of life to the dead; the reconstitution of the human organism to enable future generations to live beyond earth; the regulation of nature to bring all manifestations of blind natural force under rational human control; the transition of our biosphere into a "noosphere," with a sheath of mental activity surrounding the planet; the effect of cosmic rays and currently unrecognized particles of energy on human history; practical steps toward the reversal and eventual human control over the flow of time; and the virtues of human androgyny, autotrophy, and invisibility.
The Russian Cosmists is a crucial contribution to scholarship concerning Russian intellectual history, the future of technology, and the history of western esotericism.
- Sales Rank: #977938 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Oxford University Press, USA
- Published on: 2012-07-30
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.40" h x 1.20" w x 9.30" l, 1.15 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 296 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"a fascinating, mind expanding, highly informative magical mystery tour of a distinctive school of New Age thinking." -- ew York Journal of Books
"The Cosmists were a peculiarly Russian group: they were all very Russian, and they were also, frankly, peculiar. In The Russian Cosmists, George M. Young charts in detail the influences that shaped an unusual coterie of thinkers, and explores how the mystical and scientific offspring of this movement to conquer death and traverse the cosmos have reverberated from the late nineteenth century to the dawn of the twenty-first."--Michael D. Gordin, Professor of History, Princeton University
"George Young has given us a gift in this well-written and utterly engaging view of Russian Cosmist theories and their connections to the history of Western Esoteric thought. The book opens a doorway into another way of thinking that both challenges and expands contemporary perspectives on esotericism, magic, cosmology and 'active' evolutionary theory. The remarkable fact is that little of this material is recognized within the general history of esotericism and the Russian Cosmist perspective adds tremendous nuance and alterity to current paradigms. Not only is this a sweeping historical survey, it also offers a rich selection of primary sources, citations, and persons that demonstrate the unique conceptual scientific and mystical frame for much Cosmist esoteric speculation. In terms of Russian esotericism, it is a unique and rare publication and deserves careful study and assimilation. Highly recommended!"--Lee Irwin, Professor of Religious Studies, College of Charleston
About the Author
George M. Young is a Fellow at The Center for Global Humanities at the University of New England.
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
"I see marvelous things" - Howard Carter upon first peering into King Tut's tomb.
By Kenneth E. MacWilliams
This book is a marvelous thing. My feelings in coming across and reading it must be similar to those of a Gold Rush "forty-niner" who long ago in a remote virgin stream first saw significant nuggets of gold in his sluice pan. What an amazing discovery this book is! I believe I know Russia, Russian history, and Russian culture rather well yet this book opens up great new vistas for me. I recently finished reading it -- re-reading certain parts as I went along because they were so enlightening and delicious -- and I now intend to re-read the entire book. I am not alone in my enthusiasm. A piece was just posted on the Huffington Post about this book and already it has almost one thousand hits. To find that Huff Post string just go to Google and enter the author's name, the title of this book, and the two words Huffington Post. It has been years since I have felt, after reading a book, that I wanted to discuss it at length with others who have read it. This one triggered that old feeling and I am right now in the process of organizing two such groups, one actual and one virtual.
Kenneth E. MacWilliams
Portland, Maine
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Brilliant scholarship but also a joy to read
By Peter H. Christiansen
George Young traces the philosophy of Cosmism, developed by N.F. Fedorov, and details how it came to be the single most important influence on Russia's 19th and 20th century philosophers, writers, poets and scientists. Supressed (unsucessfully) by the Soviets, it is now, once again, rapidly emerging as the most influential school of philosophy in Russia where it supports a museum and library and organizes conferences that are attended by many of Russia's most important thinkers and scientists today.
Although a masterpiece of scholarship, The Russian Cosmists is also a joy to read. Young is a scholar who can also write!
Anyone with a serious interest in Cosmism or transhumanism will want to read this book.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Cosmists, kooks and Anti-Christs
By Ashtar Command
"The Russian Cosmists" is a scholarly overview of a rather broad current of thought known as Cosmism. In many ways, the Cosmists were early Russian equivalents of today's transhumanists and other peculiar, super-cornucopian groups on the far side of American cyberspace (Ray Kurzweil and his "singularity" comes to mind).
Cosmism originated with Nikolai Fedorov (pronounced Fyodorov), a 19th century Russian intellectual and - some would argue - crank, who attempted to influence both Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Solovyov with his "Philosophy of the Common Task". Typical of Cosmist thought is a strong belief in "active evolution" and eternal progress through super-technology, the conquest of outer space and physical immortality. This is often coupled with quasi-spiritual ideas derived from Madame Blavatsky's Theosophy and garbled Orthodox Christianity. Thus, Fedorov believed in a general resurrection of the dead going back to Adam, but accomplished through an advanced technology, rather than by supernatural means. An interest in subjects considered heretical by establishment science, such as reincarnation or the search for Shamballa, is another defining trait. The prominent Soviet rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky semi-secretly harboured ideas similar to those of Theosophy, but expressed in pseudo-scientific language ("atom-spirit" for monad, "ethereal being" for Mahatma, etc).
With some notable exceptions, Cosmists broadly defined had an authoritarian political streak. Fedorov supported Czarist autocracy and longed for a time when all Earth would be under the suzerainty of a single autocrat and a single "Orthodox" Church. His geopolitics were "Eurasianist", pitting a continental-collectivist civilization against both the Atlantic West and the nomadic barbarians of the East. Tsiolkovsky believed that future human evolution necesserily means weeding out the weak and unfit. Modern Russian Cosmists are nostalgic about the Soviet era, especially the halcyon days of Stalin. This is richly ironic, since many of the original Cosmists were sent to the gulag or executed by Stalin's regime! Yet another defining trait of Cosmists seem to be their sheer personal weirdness. Let's be honest: Fedorov and many other luminaries mentioned in this volume were kooks, pure and simple. A psychologist would love to poke into the heads of these people, and might even discover a new syndrome or two!
"The Russian Cosmists" is an interesting book, but I sometimes get the feeling that the author attempts to find connections between thinkers that were really very different. In what sense is Vladimir Solovyov a "Cosmist", for instance? As the author points out himself, Solovyov argued against Fedorov's materialist-technological conception of the resurrection. On this point, Solovyov's ideas strike me as similar to Steiner's Anthroposophy or Sri Aurobindo's Integral Yoga, with humanity slowly evolving towards godmanhood through purely spiritual techniques. Apparently, the figure of the Anti-Christ in Solovyov's famous short story is to some extent based on (perhaps parodically) on Fedorov! And while the author does place Cosmism in an early 20th century Russian intellectual context, he says very little about the obvious parallels to Communism and fascism. Fedorov's ideas could also be seen as a particularly bizarre and self-conscious "immanentization of the eschaton", complete with faux references to Christianity and Orthodoxy. (Reverend Straik from C. S. Lewis' "That Hideous Strength" comes to mind here.) Indeed, Cosmism is probably best understood as a materialist or materialistic form of messianism, promising this-wordly salvation through science fiction technology.
But yes, the author is probably on to something important when he investigates the Cosmist-occult interface. It's difficult *not* to sound supernatural when proposing "naturalist" solutions to physical death, universal decay, etc. Arthur C Clarke famously quipped that a sufficiently advanced technology would look like magic to the uninitiated. Clarke's statement could be altered to state that a really advanced "technology" *would be* magic. Compare this to Steven Greer's UFO books, or the rather odd combinations of New Age and dreams of super-technology that were once popular on the alternative spirituality scene. Once again, I'm also reminded of C.S. Lewis' novel, where a group of scientists believe they have cracked the riddle of immortality, when actually their laboratory is under the control of supernatural demonic forces! It's almost as if religion forces itself on the Cosmists, but - unfortunately for them, and perhaps for us, too - it's the wrong kind of religion, a cult of the divinized Overman who extirpates the weak, or who graciously resurrects everyone in the name of a eternal Czarist autocracy...
Perhaps Solovyov was right. Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov really was the Anti-Christ.
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